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1. Surface temp. is 30 °C. Assuming DALR what is the temperature of 2 km
DALR: A Quick Guide
Dry air: Think of air that hasn’t reached its “dew point” yet.
DALR: When dry air rises or falls, its temperature changes at a steady rate.
Rate: It cools or warms by 10°C for every 1 kilometer it rises or falls.
Example:
Starting temperature: 30°C
Rising 2 kilometers: 30°C – (2 km * 10°C/km) = 10°C
So, after rising 2 kilometers, the temperature of the dry air will be 10°C.
2. Rise in temperature with height is
An inversion occurs when temperature increases with altitude, resulting in a negative lapse rate.
3. SALR = 5.5 °C, ELR = 4.5 °C ; atmosphere is
4. The process which to a large extent determines the vertical distribution of temperature in atmosphere is
Adiabatic processes in the atmosphere occur when air is compressed or expanded due to natural forces. For example, when a parcel of air is forced to rise in the atmosphere, decreasing pressure causes it to expand. This expansion cools the air adiabatically, as the air rises and expands. Rising air is common in low-pressure systems, and the resulting cooling can lead to condensation and cloud formation.
Conversely, when air is forced to descend, increasing pressure causes it to compress and warm adiabatically. This warming process is often associated with high-pressure systems and prevents cloud formation.
5. DALR > ELR > SALR
6. Dry air having a temperature of 35° C on surface when forced to rise adiabatically by 1 km would attain a temperature of
7. Inversion is _______ Lapse Rate (LR)
An inversion occurs when temperature increases with altitude, resulting in a negative lapse rate.
8. Inversion is common in
An inversion occurs when temperature increases with altitude. High-pressure systems often occur in winter, and in these systems, air descends at the center. As the air descends, it warms adiabatically, becoming warmer than the air at lower levels. This is known as a subsidence inversion.
9. If ELR = SALR = DALR the atmosphere is
10. SALR approaches DALR
At higher altitudes where temperatures are low, with very little water vapor present, the Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate (SALR) can approach the Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR) around -40 degrees Celsius.
11. An Isothermal atmosphere is:
An isothermal atmosphere has no lapse rate, making it stable due to the lack of change in kinetic energy.
12. Dry air is unstable when:
Stable: SALR < ELR (Dry air parcel sinks)
Unstable: ELR < SALR (Dry air parcel rises)
Conditionally unstable: DALR > ELR > SALR (Dry air parcel sinks, saturated air parcel rises)
13. Environmental LR can be more than DALR
The Environmental Lapse Rate (ELR) in the actual atmosphere can vary widely.
14. SALR at mean sea level is about
The Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate (SALR) is the rate at which saturated air cools or warms as it rises or descends in the atmosphere. It’s approximately 0.6°C per 100 meters (1.8°C per 1000 feet) or 6°C per kilometer.
15. The saturated air is said to be unstable if
Stable: SALR < ELR (Dry air parcel sinks)
Unstable: ELR < SALR (Dry air parcel rises)
Conditionally unstable: DALR > ELR > SALR (Dry air parcel sinks, saturated air parcel rises)
16. DALR is approximately
The Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR) is the rate at which dry (unsaturated) air cools or warms as it rises or descends in the atmosphere. It’s a constant rate of 1°C per 100 meters.
17. DALR means:
DALR: Dry Air’s Cooling Rate
Dry air: Think of air that hasn’t reached its “dew point” yet. It’s like a balloon that hasn’t been filled with enough water vapor.
DALR: When dry air rises, it cools down at a steady rate. This rate is the DALR.
Imagine a balloon: If you let go of a helium-filled balloon, it rises because it’s lighter than the air around it. As it goes higher, the air pressure is lower, so the balloon expands. This expansion makes the balloon’s gas cool down. The DALR is similar, but with air instead of a balloon.
18. Inversion in the atmosphere indicates
An inversion occurs when temperature increases with altitude. Inversions prevent mixing between lower-level and upper-level winds, making the atmosphere stable.
