Meteorology
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Regulations#1. Jet stream has
Jet streams can have one or more speed maxima along their axis.
#2. The TJ is strongest in
July and August mark the peak of the monsoon season in India. This period is characterized by:
Heavy rainfall: Significant precipitation across the country, with many regions receiving over 90% of their annual rainfall during these months.
Humid conditions: High humidity levels due to the abundant rainfall.
Temperature relief: The monsoon rains provide relief from the intense heat experienced in earlier months.
Agricultural benefits: The monsoon rains are essential for agriculture, providing much-needed moisture for crops.
While the monsoon season brings significant rainfall, it can also lead to flooding and other weather-related challenges in some areas.
#3. STJ has a layered structure. There are often two layers of max wind to the ____ of jet core
The Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ) has a layered structure, often featuring two layers of maximum wind south of the jet core. The jet stream strengthens by 10-15 knots downstream, along the axis from Jodhpur to Guwahati.
#4. The TJ is located over Indian, approximately at a height of
The jet stream reaches its strongest development at approximately 15 kilometers (9 miles) above the Earth’s surface, with wind speeds reaching up to 40 meters per second (140 km/h; 89 mph; 78 knots) over the Indian Ocean.
#5. The normal position of Sub-tropical Jet Stream is
#6. The vertical wind shear in Jet stream is about
Jet streams experience vertical wind shear of about 5 m/s per km.
#7. In a jet stream, the path of the maximum speed is known as
The path of the fastest winds in the jet stream is called the axis.
#8. TJ is
#9. In a wavy jet the Jet streaks are located over or near the
Along the axis of a jet stream, there are areas of high-speed winds known as jet streaks (wind maxima), separated by regions of weaker winds. Jet streaks tend to maintain their strength but move more slowly, by up to 25 knots, compared to the overall jet stream. In a wavy jet stream, jet streaks are often located over or near the ridge.
#10. Sub-tropical Jet stream (STJ) is
The Sub-tropical Jet stream (STJ) is a westerly wind.
#11. The STJ affects India from
The Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ) appears over northern India in October following the withdrawal of the monsoon. It gradually shifts southward as winter progresses, reaching its southernmost position of 22°N in February. The STJ prevails over the Indian subcontinent for approximately eight months, from October to May. After May, it shifts northward and moves out of the Indian subcontinent.
#12. The STJ strengthens
The Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ) has a layered structure, often featuring two layers of maximum wind south of the jet core. The jet stream strengthens by 10-15 knots downstream, along the axis from Jodhpur to Guwahati.
#13. Compared to horizontal wind shear the vertical wind shear in a Jet stream is
Vertical wind shear is stronger because it occurs over a shorter vertical distance than horizontal shear.
#14. A jet stream can be recognized by
Clouds Associated with Jet Streams
Jet streams are often accompanied by extensive sheets of high clouds, particularly on the warm side. These clouds have sharply defined edges, typically parallel to the jet axis. Cirrus (Ci) clouds are more common on the cold side of the jet stream, while cirrostratus (Cs) and cirrocumulus (Cc) clouds are more common on the warm side.
Cloud Tops: On the cold side, cloud tops are generally just below the tropopause. On the warm side, cloud tops are a few thousand feet lower than the tropopause.
Roll Clouds: Roll-type Ci or Cs clouds may be observed along the entire length of the jet stream.
Moisture: In regions with less moisture, a thin layer of haze may be visible on the warm side, while the cold side may appear clear.
#15. The southern most position of STJ is February is
#16. The TJ prevails over the Indian Peninsula from
The tropical easterly jet stream is Seen over India from June to August and disappears by September.
#17. The wind speed along the axis of a jet stream is always
The speed of a jet stream along its axis is not uniform, but rather exhibits distinct maxima. These maxima can vary from 60 knots to 200 knots.
#18. Along the axis of a jet stream there are centres of high speed winds, these are called
These high-speed wind centers are called jet streaks.
#19. When and where tropical jet stream occurs
#20. The TJ is located over the Indian Peninsula, approximately at
#21. In the TJ the wind shears are much _____ than the STJ
Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ):
Peak development: The STJ is best developed during winter and early spring.
Maximum speeds: Wind speeds can reach up to 300 knots.
Tropical Easterly Jet Stream (TEJ):
Wind speeds: The TEJ typically has wind speeds around 80 knots.
Wind shear: Due to its lower wind speeds compared to the STJ, the TEJ generally has less wind shear.
Wind Shear: Wind shear refers to changes in wind speed or direction with altitude. A lower wind shear environment in the TEJ can have implications for weather patterns and aviation operations in the region.
#22. Vertical wind shear in STJ is greater ______ the core
Strong vertical wind shear is often concentrated just above and below the core of a jet stream. This shear is typically greater above the core than below it.
#23. The arbitrary lower limit of jet core velocity has been assigned by WMO as
Jet streams typically have a minimum wind speed of 60 knots. The maximum speeds occur near the tropopause, with recorded speeds of 200 knots in Europe and the North Atlantic and 300 knots in Asia.
#24. Flying at right angles to a jet stream with falling pressure you will experience
Buys Ballot’s Law states that if an observer stands with their back to the wind:
In the Northern Hemisphere, the area of lower pressure is to their left.
In the Southern Hemisphere, the area of lower pressure is to their right.
#25. At and near the STJ the temperature gradient is very
The pressure gradient is generally small within the jet stream itself. However, south of the jet stream, the pressure gradient tends to be higher. This difference in pressure gradient contributes to the jet stream’s flow pattern and intensity.
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