Meteorology
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Regulations#1. In TCU icing may range from light to severe type at least up to _____ level.
#2. Carburetor icing occurs when air from intake passes through a ventury (choke) and causes expansional cooling and vaporization of fuel. Serious icing can occur at extreme temperatures.
Carburetor icing occurs when:
Latent heat absorption: Fuel evaporation absorbs heat, causing a sudden temperature drop.
Adiabatic expansion: Air passing through the venturi expands and cools due to adiabatic processes.
Carburetor icing is most dangerous within a temperature range of -10°C to 25°C, especially in clouds, fog, or precipitation at any power setting.
#3. Hoar frost occurs on airframe in clear air when the temperature of air frame is
Hoar frost is a white, crystalline deposit that resembles frost on the ground. It forms in clear air when the airframe temperature drops below 0°C and the ambient temperature reaches saturation.
#4. Rime is formed by freezing of ____ supercooled water droplets on airframe when air is flying through clouds
Glaze ice forms when large supercooled water droplets spread over aircraft wings. Rime ice forms when small supercooled water droplets spread over wings. Both types of ice can form during flight through clouds at temperatures below 0° Celsius.
#5. _____ occurs in St, Sc, Ac, Au, Cu, Ns at temperature -10 to -40°C and in Cb at temperature 20 to -40°C
Rime ice can form in any cloud that contains small supercooled water droplets, including nimbostratus, altostratus, altocumulus, stratocumulus, stratus, and the upper portions of heap clouds.
#6. AS, NS consist of supercooled water drops and ice crystals in varying proportion icing is possible.
#7. In clouds at temperatures below 0°C and aircraft may encounter icing of the type
Glaze ice forms when large supercooled water droplets spread over aircraft wings. Rime ice forms when small supercooled water droplets spread over wings. Both types of ice can form during flight through clouds at temperatures below 0° Celsius.
#8. Airframe icing occurs below 0°C. Its probability of occurrence decreases progressively to -20°C, as at lower temperatures the proportion of super-cooled water drops in a cloud
#9. When fog freezes on parked aircraft it produces
Hoar frost is a white, crystalline deposit that resembles frost on the ground. It forms in clear air when the airframe temperature drops below 0°C and the ambient temperature reaches saturation. Fog forms when the air reaches saturation, meaning it contains the maximum amount of water vapor it can hold at a given temperature and pressure.
#10. In AC clouds _____ icing is possible in mountainous areas.
#11. _____ occurs in AS, NS, AC and towering CU or CB between 0°C and -20°C, in warm front below 0°C, especially if the aircraft has rapidly descended from a colder region.
Rime ice can form in any cloud that contains small supercooled water droplets, including nimbostratus (Ns), altostratus (As), altocumulus (Ac), stratocumulus (Sc), stratus (St), and the upper portions of heap clouds.
Clear ice (or glaze ice) is a transparent form of ice formed by large supercooled water droplets. It can be very dangerous. Clear ice
often forms in nimbostratus (especially when orographically intensified), cumulus (Cu), and cumulonimbus (Cb) clouds at temperatures ranging from 0 to -20°C.
#12. Glaze ice forms when large supercooled water droplets spread over aircraft wings. Rime ice forms when small supercooled water droplets spread over wings. Both types of ice can form during flight through clouds at temperatures below 0° Celsius.
Glaze ice forms when large supercooled water droplets spread over aircraft wings. Rime ice forms when small supercooled water droplets spread over wings. Both types of ice can form during flight through clouds at temperatures below 0° Celsius.
#13. Opaque Rime ice is
Rime ice forms when small, supercooled water droplets freeze instantly, trapping air between the frozen droplets. This creates a white, opaque deposit with a granular or flaky texture. Rime ice is weak and brittle, with little or no flowback. The ice grows outward from the leading edges of aircraft and is compacted by the airstream.
#14. ______ occurs in a moist cloudless air on an aircraft surface having temp, below 0°C, due to sublimation of water vapour onto feathery ice crystals.
Hoar frost is a white, crystalline deposit that resembles frost on the ground. It forms in clear air when the airframe temperature drops below 0°C and the ambient temperature reaches saturation.
#15. Icing ____ the stalling speed appreciably
A rough wing surface can reduce the coefficient of lift, causing an aircraft to stall at a higher speed.
#16. In clouds _____ occurs when a wide range of water drop sizes are present at temperatures between 0°C and -40°C
Glaze ice forms when large supercooled water droplets spread over aircraft wings. Rime ice forms when small supercooled water droplets spread over wings. Both types of ice can form during flight through clouds at temperatures below 0° Celsius.
#17. In CB icing may range from light to severe type up to -20°C level. Below this temperature severe icing is
#18. The _____ ice poses serious aviation hazard
When a large supercooled water droplet strikes an aircraft, it begins to freeze, releasing latent heat. This heat delays the freezing process while a portion of the droplet flows back over the impact surface, forming clear ice. For each degree below freezing, only 1/80th of a supercooled water droplet freezes on impact. Clear ice, also known as glaze ice, is a transparent form of ice that can be very dangerous.
#19. Liquid water content is an important factor in icing. As the maximum water concentration is around ______ , maximum ice formation in clouds may also be expected around the level.
#20. CI, CS and CC clouds consist mostly ice crystals, Icing hazard is therefore
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